一、配置缓存
settings.py
#添加缓存的配置
CACHES = {
'default':{
#缓存的位置
'BACKEND':'django.core.cache.backends.db.DatabaseCache',
'LOCATION':'my_cache_table',#缓存的表
}
}创建缓存表
python3 manage.py createcachetable my_cache_table
库中就会出现my_cache_table表
实例：
from django.shortcuts import render
from django.views.decorators.cache import cache_page
from App.models import User
#展示所有用户数据的方法
@cache_page(60)
def showUser(req):
print('----能看到我几次？------')
u = User.objects.all()
return render(req,'showUser.html',{'data':u})二、手动添加缓存
cache.set 设置缓存
- key
- value
- timeout
- cache.get(key) 获取缓存
- cache.get_many() 获取多条缓存
- cache.set_many() 设置多条缓存
- cache.delete() 删除缓存
- cache.clear 清空缓存
实例
from django.core.cache import cache
def showUser(req):
html = cache.get('showUser')
if html:
return HttpResponse(html)
else:
print('----能看到我几次？------')
u = User.objects.all()
tem = loader.get_template('showUser.html')
html = tem.render({'data': u})
cache.set('showUser',html,60)
return HttpResponse(html)三、使用redis进行缓存
安装：
sudo pip3 install django-redis
配置settings.py
#添加缓存的配置
CACHES = {
'default':{
#reids进行缓存
'BACKEND':'django_redis.cache.RedisCache',
'LOCATION':'redis://127.0.0.1:6379/1',#设置缓存的数据库
}
}其它位置的代码不需要改变 重新访问路由地址即可
四、发送邮件
注意：发送邮件报错：Mail from must equal authorized user，则需要设置临时环境变量
- windows：set MAIL_USER=用作发送邮件的邮箱账号
- linux：export MAIL_USER=用作发送邮件的邮箱账号
(1) 发送单封邮件
settings.py配置
#发送邮件配置
EMAIL_HOST = os.environ.get('MAIL_SERVER','smtp.1000phone.com')
EMAIL_HOST_USER = os.environ.get('MAIL_USER','xialigang@1000phone.com')
EMAIL_HOST_PASSWORD = os.environ.get('MAIL_PASSWORD','123456')view.py
from django.shortcuts import render,HttpResponse
from django.core.mail import send_mail
import os
def sendMail(req):
send_mail(
'Subject here',
'Here is the message.',
os.environ.get('MAIL_USER'),
['793390457@qq.com'],
fail_silently=False,
)
return HttpResponse('发送邮件')(2) 发送多封邮件
def sendManyPeople(req):
message1 = ('Subject here', 'Here is the message', os.environ.get('MAIL_USER'), ['948807313@qq.com'])
message2 = ('Another Subject', 'Here is another message', os.environ.get('MAIL_USER'), ['793390457@qq.com'])
send_mass_mail((message1, message2), fail_silently=False)
return HttpResponse('发送多封邮件')send_mass_mail()与send_mail()
之间的主要区别send_mass_mail()和 send_mail()是 send_mail()打开每一个它的执行时间的邮件服务器的连接，同时send_mass_mail()使用其所有消息的单个连接。这使得 send_mass_mail()效率稍高。(3) 发送html文本内容的邮件
#发送html文本
def sendHtmlMail(req):
from django.core.mail import EmailMultiAlternatives
subject, from_email, to = 'hello', os.environ.get('MAIL_USER'), '948807313@qq.com'
html_content = '<p>This is an <strong><a href="http://www.baidu.com">百度</a></strong> message.</p>'
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject,from_email=from_email,to=[to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send()
return HttpResponse('发送html文本的邮件')五、JsonResponse 响应json数据
作用： 返回json数据 用于异步请求
导入
from django.http import JsonResponse
使用
def test(req):
json = JsonResponse({'name':'zhangsan','age':18})
return HttpResponse(json) #{"name":"zhangsan","age":18}六、邮件进行注册认证
- 创建用户模型
- 创建视图函数 路由地址
- 创建模板
- 接受表单数据 添加到数据库
- 生成token值
- 发送邮件 渲染邮件模板
- 邮件激活
- 改变用户状态
- 登录
(1) 创建User模型
class User(models.Model):
username = models.CharField(max_length=20)
password_hash = models.CharField(max_length=80)
sex = models.BooleanField(default=True)
age = models.IntegerField(default=20)
# email = models.CharField(max_length=40,unique=True)
email = models.CharField(max_length=40)
icon = models.CharField(max_length=36,default='default.jpg')
createTime = models.DateTimeField(auto_now_add=True)
confirm = models.BooleanField(default=False)
def __str__(self):
return self.username
class Meta:
db_table = 'user'(2) 添加密码加密的装饰器
from django.contrib.auth.hashers import make_password,check_password
@property
def password(self):
raise AttributeError
#密码加密
@password.setter
def password(self,password):
self.password_hash = make_password(password)(3) 创建表单 register.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>注册</title>
<style>
table{
margin: auto;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
td{
width: 300px;
height:40px;
border:1px solid aqua;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<center><h4><a href="{% url 'Aft:login' %}">登录</a> | <a href="{% url 'Aft:register' %}">注册</a></h4></center>
<form action="{% url 'Aft:register' %}" method="post">
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<caption><h2>注册</h2></caption>
<tr>
<td>用户名：</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username" minlength="6" maxlength="12" placeholder="请输入用户名"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码：</td>
<td><input type="password" name="userpass" minlength="6" maxlength="12" placeholder="请输入密码"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>激活邮箱：</td>
<td><input type="email" name="email" maxlength="40" placeholder="请输入激活账户的邮箱地址..."></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="submit"></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="reset"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>(4) 添加注册路由地址
url(r'^register/$',views.register,name='register'),(5) 视图函数
#注册
def register(req):
if req.method == 'GET':
return render(req, 'register.html')
if req.method == 'POST':
u = User(username=req.POST.get('username'),password=req.POST.get('userpass'),email=req.POST.get('email'))
u.save()
token = u.get_token() #获取token
# print(token)
url = 'http://'+req.get_host()+reverse('Aft:activate',args=[token]) #生成激活的链接地址
subject, from_email, to = '账户激活', os.environ.get('MAIL_USER'),u.email
html_content = loader.get_template('mail/activate.html').render({'url': url, 'username': u.username})
msg = EmailMultiAlternatives(subject, from_email=from_email, to=[to])
msg.attach_alternative(html_content, "text/html")
msg.send() #发送邮件
return HttpResponse('<meta http-equiv="refresh" content="2;url=http://127.0.0.1:8000/login/">注册成功')(6) 在models添加生成token的代码
import uuid,hashlib
from django.core.cache import cache
#拿到生成的token值
def get_token(self):
myuuid = uuid.uuid4() #生成唯一的uuid字符串
md5 = hashlib.md5()
md5.update(str(myuuid).encode('utf-8'))
token = md5.hexdigest() #生成惟一的加密字符串
# print(token)
cache.set(token, {'id': self.id}, 3600) #设置存储token对应值的过期时间
return token(7) 邮寄激活的模板
mail/activate.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>激活</title>
</head>
<body>
<h2>欢迎：{{ username }}</h2>
<h4>请点击右侧激活 进行最后一步的激活操作 <a href="{{ url }}">激活</a></h4>
</body>
</html>(8) 在模型中添加激活的代码
#检测token是否存在
@staticmethod
def check_token(token):
try:
id = cache.get(token)['id']
u = User.objects.get(pk=id)
u.confirm = True
u.save()
return True
except:
return False(9) 添加激活的视图函数
#激活操作
def activate(req,token):
if User.check_token(token):
return HttpResponse('激活成功')
else:
return HttpResponse('激活失败')(10) 添加登录的模板 login.html
<!DOCTYPE html>
<html lang="en">
<head>
<meta charset="UTF-8">
<title>登录</title>
<style>
table{
margin: auto;
border-collapse: collapse;
}
td{
width: 300px;
height:40px;
{# border:1px solid orange;#}
}
input{
border-radius: 5px;
box-shadow: 0 0 2px 2px aqua;
color: red;
font-size: 16px;
width:200px;
height: 25px;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<form action="{% url 'Aft:login' %}" method="post">
<center><h4><a href="{% url 'Aft:login' %}">登录</a> | <a href="{% url 'Aft:register' %}">注册</a></h4></center>
{% csrf_token %}
<table>
<caption><h2>登录</h2></caption>
<tr>
<td>用户名：</td>
<td><input type="text" name="username" minlength="6" maxlength="12" placeholder="请输入用户名"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td>密码：</td>
<td><input type="password" name="userpass" minlength="6" maxlength="12" placeholder="请输入密码"></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td><input type="submit" value="submit"></td>
<td><input type="reset" value="reset"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</form>
</body>
</html>(11) 在models中添加登录处理的函数
#检测密码
def checkPassword(self,password):
return check_password(password,self.password_hash)(12) 添加登录的视图函数
#登录
def login(req):
if req.method == 'GET':
return render(req,'login.html')
if req.method == 'POST':
u = User.objects.filter(username=req.POST.get('username')).first()
if u and u.checkPassword(req.POST.get('userpass')):
return HttpResponse('登录成功')
else:
return HttpResponse('登录失败')(13) 添加登录的路由地址
url(r'^login/$',views.login,name='login'),
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